. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. THE KITCHEX GAEDEX. 29 the surface soil from being sunhumt suhsequentlv, and retains the artificial moisture applied durrag very arid periods. All heavy adhesive soils—and these usually have for base impervious and hea^der subsoils—must be properly drained to insure to them all the fertility possible. Such drainage differs in practice greath', both as to depth and nature of subsoil and contour of the immediate area to be operated on and its sm^- roundings. A\Tiere about two feet in depth of upper soil exists, and then a clay subsoil, this latter, calle
. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. THE KITCHEX GAEDEX. 29 the surface soil from being sunhumt suhsequentlv, and retains the artificial moisture applied durrag very arid periods. All heavy adhesive soils—and these usually have for base impervious and hea^der subsoils—must be properly drained to insure to them all the fertility possible. Such drainage differs in practice greath', both as to depth and nature of subsoil and contour of the immediate area to be operated on and its sm^- roundings. A\Tiere about two feet in depth of upper soil exists, and then a clay subsoil, this latter, called sometimes a " pan," through which superficial waterings do not pass, is sometimes of moderate depth only, before a coarser material is found, through which water will percolate. Under such conditions it is well to trench the ground over down to this. Fig. 1.—Artichoke. subsoil, clearing it effectively of soil, and to then break it up by digging and turning it over at the bottom of the trench, before it is filled in with the succeeding layer of soil. 'S\Tien broken up it is excellent practice to throw in any kind of coarse or green manurial matter before any soil is put therein. In all instances where the surface soil is of less or equal depth, and the subsoil is too deep for such a process as this to be followed, an occasional cbain laid in across the ground down upon such surface of subsoil ^\ull prove very advantageous. "S\Tiere the roots of fruit-trees do not exist, or are not likely to find their way into such drain-pipes, large sizes need not be used ; two-inch and three-inch pipes will suffice admirably, the larger size being best adapted for large areas only. The superficial working " of all stiff soil differs greatly from such as have already been described. Too much culture cannot well be given to these lat- ter in season. Trenching and manuring—that is. placing layer after layer of the latter as each trench progresses—is admirable. The
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectgardening, bookyear1884
