. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. LIMBS OF VERTEBRATES. 395. Fig. 377.âDiagram of a Vertebra with its \ioiy (5), rib (7), breast-bone (6) ; 1, neural spine; 2, 3, fore and hind oblique processes ; 4, transverse processes. bodies of each vertebra of a lizard, bird or mammal being solid bone. Figs. 375 and 376 represent the relations of the notochord in an adult lamprey and a young fish. The vertebra of a bony fish or higher vertebrate consists of a body, with a dorsal or neural spine ; a pair of oblique processes (zygapophyses) arching over and enclosing the spinal cord; a
. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. LIMBS OF VERTEBRATES. 395. Fig. 377.âDiagram of a Vertebra with its \ioiy (5), rib (7), breast-bone (6) ; 1, neural spine; 2, 3, fore and hind oblique processes ; 4, transverse processes. bodies of each vertebra of a lizard, bird or mammal being solid bone. Figs. 375 and 376 represent the relations of the notochord in an adult lamprey and a young fish. The vertebra of a bony fish or higher vertebrate consists of a body, with a dorsal or neural spine ; a pair of oblique processes (zygapophyses) arching over and enclosing the spinal cord; and transverse processes^ bending downwards, to which the ribs are articulated ; certain of the thoracic ribs uniting with the stermim or breast-bone (Figs. 377 and 378.) Vertebrae like those of fishes, which are hollow or concave at each end, are said to be amphicoelous ; those hollow in front and convex behind proccelous, as in most toads and frogs and crocodiles, and most existing lizards, and those convex in front Jr A and concave behind ojjisthoccelous, lo^'is, ^^^^Qal;;^iây ^ as In the garpike, some Amphib- ians (the salamanders and cer- tain toads, Pipa and BomMnatoi-). â. â â . Vertebrates never have more Fig. 378.âThoracic vertebra of , » t , buzzard (Buteo vulgaris). ^ i x nituium of the Gegen- ra] pair of fins of fishes represent *"""â ⢠the fore limbs of Amphibians and higher Vertebrates, and the arms of man ; the two ventral fins represent the hind legs of higher Vertebrates, and the legs of man. Each pair of limbs is connected by ligaments and muscles to a girdle or set of bones, called respectively the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle, each girdle being con- nected by muscles to the vertebral column. The shoulder girdle consists of a clavicle (or collar-bone), scapula (or shoulder-blade), and coracoid bone, usually a process of the scapula. These bones difEer greatly in the different Please note that these images a
Size: 1548px × 1615px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1879
