Animal life and intelligence . ns and making the necessary measurements, I have hadthe advantage of the kind co-operation of my friend Charbonnier, of Clifton, an able and enthusiasticnaturalist.* The nature of the bats wing will be understood bythe aid of the accompanying figure (Fig. 12). In the forelimb the arm-bone, or humerus, is followed by an elongatedbone composed of the radius and ulna. At the outer endof the radius is a small, freely projecting digit, whichcarries a claw. This answers to the thumb. Then followfour long, slender bones, which answer to the bones in the * I hav
Animal life and intelligence . ns and making the necessary measurements, I have hadthe advantage of the kind co-operation of my friend Charbonnier, of Clifton, an able and enthusiasticnaturalist.* The nature of the bats wing will be understood bythe aid of the accompanying figure (Fig. 12). In the forelimb the arm-bone, or humerus, is followed by an elongatedbone composed of the radius and ulna. At the outer endof the radius is a small, freely projecting digit, whichcarries a claw. This answers to the thumb. Then followfour long, slender bones, which answer to the bones in the * I have also to thank Mr. Edward Wilson for kindly giving me themeasurements of three or four bats in the Bristol Museum. 64 Animal Life and Intelligence. palm of our hand. They are the metacarpals, and arenumbered n., in., rv., and v. in the tabulated figures in whichthe observations are recorded. The metacarpals of thesecond and third digits run tolerably close together, andform the firm support of the anterior margin of the Fig. 12.—Wing of bat (PipistreUe). Hu., humerus, or arm-bone; Ul., conjoined radius and ulna, a bone in tbe forearm; Po.,pollex, answering to our thumb; n., in., rv., v., second, third, fourth, and fifth digits of themanus, or hand. The figures are placed near the metacarpals, or palm-bones. These arefollowed by the phalanges. Ft., femur or thigh-bone; Ti., tibia, tbe chief bone of the digits of the pes, or foot, are short and bear claws. Ca., calcar. Those of the third and fourth make a considerable anglewith these and with each other, and form the stays of themid part of the wing. Beyond the metacarpals are thesmaller joints or phalanges of the digits, two or three toeach digit. The third digit forms the anterior point orapex of the wing. The fourth and fifth digits formsecondary points behind this. Between these points thewing is scalloped into bays. From the point of the fifth or last digit the leatherywing membrane sweeps back to the ank
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