Geology . Fig. 457.—Miocene Pelecypods: a and b, Area (Scapharca) staminea Say; c and dCorbula idonea Conrad; e, Crass tellites marylandicus (Conrad); /, Phacoides (Pseu-domiltha) foremani (Conrad); g, Tellina (Angulus) prodncta Conrad; h, Leda con-centrica (Say); i, Modiolus dalli Glenn; j, Astarte thomasii Conrad; k, Ensis directus(Conrad); I, Spisula (Hemimactra) marylandica Dall; m, Isocardia markoei Conrad;n, Cardium (Cerastoderma) leptopleurum Conrad; o, Pecten (Chlamys) madisoniusSay; p, Venus ducatelli Conrad; q, Ostrea carolinensis Conrad. (After MarylandGeological Survey.) THE MIOCEN
Geology . Fig. 457.—Miocene Pelecypods: a and b, Area (Scapharca) staminea Say; c and dCorbula idonea Conrad; e, Crass tellites marylandicus (Conrad); /, Phacoides (Pseu-domiltha) foremani (Conrad); g, Tellina (Angulus) prodncta Conrad; h, Leda con-centrica (Say); i, Modiolus dalli Glenn; j, Astarte thomasii Conrad; k, Ensis directus(Conrad); I, Spisula (Hemimactra) marylandica Dall; m, Isocardia markoei Conrad;n, Cardium (Cerastoderma) leptopleurum Conrad; o, Pecten (Chlamys) madisoniusSay; p, Venus ducatelli Conrad; q, Ostrea carolinensis Conrad. (After MarylandGeological Survey.) THE MIOCENE PERIOD. 293. Fig. 458.—Miocene Gastropods (one Scaphopod). 2W OEOLOOY the Sansana and 1 teep River mammals, and among cetaceans the presence ofSqtutiodon, Balana} Priscodelphinus and other dolphins. Among the sharksmay be cited Carckarodon megalodon, Hemipristia serra and Nqtidanus pnmi-i/tnius. Oxyrhina, Carcharias, Galeocerdo and various rays were abundant Inthe sea bordering the western continent during this period. In Europe corals are ran- except at the south; in Maryland Astrohclia and StptastrtQ represent the group, the waters of Chesapeake time in this region having been tOO cold for reef corals and tOO shallow for the deep-sea forms. The Echinoids of the Miocene are as a rule few in species and profuse in individuals; Clypeaster, ScuteUa, and Spatangus being the most prominent ofEuropean, Amphidetus and ScuteUa of American forms. Among the Vermes Spirorbis is conspicuous, and Balanus among the Crusta-ceans. Among the Foraminifera nummulites are absent, and, in America, Orbi-toides. Amph
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