. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Respiratory Movements. Male, Front view. Inspiration, broken line. Ordinary, continuous line. Expiration, dotted line. The lateral movement of ordinary breathing is too limited to be represented by a line of varying thickness : the position is given by the continuous line,^ 713. and 714. Fig. enlargement of the thoracic cavity in both sexes is made by the ribs, and not by the diaphragm, as is generally believed. It appears very questionable whether the dia- phragm is any thing more than flattened and that witho
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Respiratory Movements. Male, Front view. Inspiration, broken line. Ordinary, continuous line. Expiration, dotted line. The lateral movement of ordinary breathing is too limited to be represented by a line of varying thickness : the position is given by the continuous line,^ 713. and 714. Fig. enlargement of the thoracic cavity in both sexes is made by the ribs, and not by the diaphragm, as is generally believed. It appears very questionable whether the dia- phragm is any thing more than flattened and that without descending. Of the position of the diaphragm. — It is clear that all that space between the line of ordinary breathing and deep inspiration (Jig- 711.), below the ensiform cartilage, where the two lines cut each other, may be considered as just so much space deducted from the abdominal cavity ; and therefore the abdominal cavity, by deep breathing, is just so much less than it was in the posi- tion of ordinary breathing. Now, if the dia- phragm descends at this moment, whilst the abdominal parietes are being constringed on all sides, what becomes of the abdominal vis- cera? We know that in ordinary breathing the abdomen advances because the diaphragm descends, and recedes because the diaphragm ascends. We may suppose the same accom- modating movement between the diaphragm and abdominal parietes, to take place in deep breathing. There can be no doubt that the cir- cumference of the thorax is increased, as shown in 670., and that the diaphragm must extend its borders, and consequently the arch must be flattened ; but this may be without descending. We see (Jig. 670.) that the sec- tion of the thorax to the area of the diaphragm is as 40 to 133—the concavity of the dia- phragm is enough to admit of its circumfe- rence expanding without its descending. Fig. 715. is a diagram of sections of the base of the living chest in three stages, u is the chest in ordinary : A,
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