. The Canadian field-naturalist. •.^mt^l^ Figure 2. The lichen woodland formation at Sandy Lake, Badger (See Figure 4, Number 11). but the destruction had occurred many decades earlier and the date of the burns could not be determined (see Figure 4 for the specific loca- tions). These ranges were mostly in the more re- mote areas of the interior of Newfoundland. This study was meant to complement the lichen investigations of Ahti (1959) who visited mostly peripherial ranges seldom utilized by caribou (Figures 1 and 4). -tf^^iyj**. Figure 3. The subalpine zone characterized by stands of stunted
. The Canadian field-naturalist. •.^mt^l^ Figure 2. The lichen woodland formation at Sandy Lake, Badger (See Figure 4, Number 11). but the destruction had occurred many decades earlier and the date of the burns could not be determined (see Figure 4 for the specific loca- tions). These ranges were mostly in the more re- mote areas of the interior of Newfoundland. This study was meant to complement the lichen investigations of Ahti (1959) who visited mostly peripherial ranges seldom utilized by caribou (Figures 1 and 4). -tf^^iyj**. Figure 3. The subalpine zone characterized by stands of stunted spruce and fir. Neither a random nor systematic selection of vegetative sites was feasible in the extensive blocks of wilderness habitat investigated. Sam- phng procedures included both quadrats ( X feet) and line point transects. Repre- sentative portions of a burn or range being investigated were visited and a toss made at each sampling site to locate the first quadrat. Four additional quadrats were placed 50 feet each, north, east, south and west from the initial center one. Transects were located so as to sample uniform, contiguous plant com- munities. Nearly all sampling was limited to upland communities. In each quadrat the percentage of the ground covered by a species in each the ground and shrub layer was estimated to the nearest 5 per cent. The outstretched fingers and hand when held a few inches above the vegetation covered approximately 5 per cent of the total area in the quadrat. Shrub and lichen height measurements were taken in each quadrat. Sections of the lichen mat were removed before measuring so as to not include in the measurements the hollow cavity existing in mature stands between the ground and the bottom on the lichen mat. The entire lichen cover in many plots was picked and weighed, air dry, to the nearest 5 grams. A quadrat X feet was selected because the weight of forage in grams from square feet can be converted to pounds per ac
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