. Bulletin. Ethnology. pewkes] PREHTSTORTO VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 39 It is constructed of logs reaching from one side of the cave to the other supporting a floor of flat si ones and adobe. Its elevated situation would necessitate for entrance either holes cut in the cliffs or ladders. UNIT-TYPE HOUSES IX CAVES In subsequent pages the author will describe a ruin called the Unit-type House, situated in the open on the north rim of Square Tower Canyon. A similar type of unit-type house is found in a cave in Sand Canyon. The reader's attention may first be called to the definition of a unit
. Bulletin. Ethnology. pewkes] PREHTSTORTO VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 39 It is constructed of logs reaching from one side of the cave to the other supporting a floor of flat si ones and adobe. Its elevated situation would necessitate for entrance either holes cut in the cliffs or ladders. UNIT-TYPE HOUSES IX CAVES In subsequent pages the author will describe a ruin called the Unit-type House, situated in the open on the north rim of Square Tower Canyon. A similar type of unit-type house is found in a cave in Sand Canyon. The reader's attention may first be called to the definition of a unit type, which is a building composed of a circular kiva, with mural banquettes and pedestals supporting a vaulted roof, with ventilator, reflector, and generally a ceremonial opening near a central fire hole in the floor. This kiva (fig. 5) is generally embedded in or surrounded by rectangular rooms. Tlio. VjL-yr^df'iv *?*?« "a 1 ijiff •&aY*Z+**********' Fig. 5.—Ground plan of Unit-type nouse in cave. single-unit type has one kiva with several surrounding rooms; the so- called pure type is composed of these units united. In an almost inaccessible cave (pi. 5, V) in Sand Canyon a few miles from the McElmo road near the scaffold already mentioned there is a cliff ruin, so far as known the first described single-unit house in a cave. It covers the whole floor of the cave (fig. 5) and its walls are considerably dilapidated, but the kiva shows this instruc- tive condition: The walls are double, one inside the other, with two sets of pedestals, the outer of which are very much blackened with smoke of constant fires; the inner fresh and untarnished, evidently of late construction. A similar double-walled kiva known as "Kiva A" exists in Spruce-tree House, as described in the author's account of that On the perpendicular wall of the precipice at the right hand of the ruin in the cave above mentioned are several pietographs shown in plate 7, c. i Antiquitie
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectethnolo, bookyear1901
