. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Head of Lamprey, after Carus, shewing muscles. a, b, c, cartilages of the mouth ; d, e, f, external muscles inserted into ditto; g, h, muscles de- rived fromjthe hyoid apparatus. In Sharks the lateral muscles of the body and fins resemble those of the osseous Fishes. Their jaws, however, constructed after the same principle as in the Skate, are equally moveable, and their muscles almost similar; only here, as their mouth is situated much nearer the anterior extremity of the skull, the two great muscles coming from the sp
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Head of Lamprey, after Carus, shewing muscles. a, b, c, cartilages of the mouth ; d, e, f, external muscles inserted into ditto; g, h, muscles de- rived fromjthe hyoid apparatus. In Sharks the lateral muscles of the body and fins resemble those of the osseous Fishes. Their jaws, however, constructed after the same principle as in the Skate, are equally moveable, and their muscles almost similar; only here, as their mouth is situated much nearer the anterior extremity of the skull, the two great muscles coming from the spine to the upper jaw are wanting. Fig. a, a, a, cranium Myology of Shark (Squalus glaums). After Carus, b, rostrum ; c, olfactory organ; d, eye-ball; e, muscles of eye ; /, upper-lip ; h, j, teeth ; k, lower surface of skull; I, m, muscular masses which close the mouth, resembling those of the Skate described above; g, broad muscle passing from upper to lower jaw; p, depressors of lower jaw, as in the Skate ; q, q, q, entrances to the gill-chambers. In the Lampreys (Petromyssonidas) the oral sucker is moved by slips derived from the ante- rior temination of the great lateral muscle (Jig;. 507, f) as well as by a set of very strong fasciculi derived from the hyoid apparatus, which, by retracting the interior of the disc, cause the adhesion of the sucker, and move the different parts of the dental apparatus described in a preceding page, (g, h, m.) The action of these will, however, be better understood by inspecting the figures than by any detailed description. Tegumentary system.—The essential character of the skin, says Agassiz,f is that it completely envelopes an animal, and thus forms a kind of external skeleton which protects it over its whole * Cuvier, Le9ons d'Anatomie Comparee. t Agassiz, Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles, 4to. IQ34. surface, as the osseous skeleton protects and supports the internal viscera. In the invertebrate races of animals there are no
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