. Cytology. Cytology. the compensator to give increased brightness. The principle is essentially the same as for bright phase-contrast microscopy. The phase change, 0, is the product of birefrigence and thickness, t, and is expressed as With the object in the position of increased brightness, one of its axes (major or minor) will be in line with the slow axis of the compensator A O O. Field of view Analyzer Specimen Polarizer Figure 11-25. Schematic Drawing Showing Variations in Darkness and Brightness of an Anisotropic Object When Placed Between Crossed Polarizer and Analyzer and Rotated ±45°
. Cytology. Cytology. the compensator to give increased brightness. The principle is essentially the same as for bright phase-contrast microscopy. The phase change, 0, is the product of birefrigence and thickness, t, and is expressed as With the object in the position of increased brightness, one of its axes (major or minor) will be in line with the slow axis of the compensator A O O. Field of view Analyzer Specimen Polarizer Figure 11-25. Schematic Drawing Showing Variations in Darkness and Brightness of an Anisotropic Object When Placed Between Crossed Polarizer and Analyzer and Rotated ±45°. and is designated accordingly as the slow axis. The fast axis of the object, therefore, lies at 90° to that of the slow axis. The sign of bire- frigence is designated positive or negative depending on whether the slow axis of the object is parallel or perpendicular to some previously selected dimension or direction of the object. It is generally convenient to take the long axis of cylindrical structures (, muscle and collagen fibers, chromosomes) as the axis of reference, or radial direction as in 246 / CHAPTER 11. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wilson, G. B. (George Bernard), 1914-; Morrison, John H. (John Herbert), 1927-. New York, Reinhold
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