The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . itions. Heating with oil is generally conducted injacketed heaters, and the waste is kept well agitated during theprocess. Bottle-washers, on the other hand, are heated in theordinar^^ vulcanising heaters in steam at a pressure of 11 to 12atmospheres. The heated bottle-washer waste must, of course, be RECLAMATION OF WASTE RUBBER. 227 afterwards dried in the vacuum drier before being run out intosheet. That floating. bottle-washers can be plasticised witliout theaddition of any oil is due
The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . itions. Heating with oil is generally conducted injacketed heaters, and the waste is kept well agitated during theprocess. Bottle-washers, on the other hand, are heated in theordinar^^ vulcanising heaters in steam at a pressure of 11 to 12atmospheres. The heated bottle-washer waste must, of course, be RECLAMATION OF WASTE RUBBER. 227 afterwards dried in the vacuum drier before being run out intosheet. That floating. bottle-washers can be plasticised witliout theaddition of any oil is due to the fact that the so-called Para-factis,. which is used in considerable proportions in bottle-ringmixings, usually contains about 45 per cent, of acetone-soluble oilyand waxy constituents. With between 30 and 45 per cent, of thissubstitute in the mixing theie is, therefore, present in the Avastebetween 14 and 20 per cent, of oils and wax, which is ample toplasticise it, for the amount of rubber present is only between48 and 63 per cent. In non-floating waste a distinction is made between that which. Fig. 100. contains fabric and that which does not. Both kinds of waste,again, are sorted according to colour. Drab waste, and frequentlyalso red, generally contains considerable quantities of free this reason this kind of waste is often desulphurised before itis heated with oil, by grinding it into fine crumb and then boilingit up with a solution of caustic soda or of sodium sulphite. Thewaste is then thorouglily washed and heated with about 20 percent, of its weight of rosin oil, castor oil, or palm oil, occasionallyalso with paraffin wax. In a few factories this heating process iscarried out under vulcanising presses, but most works probablyemploy for the purpose the jacketed heater with agitator. The treatment of waste containing fabric insertions formerlygave rise to all kinds of difficulties in removing the insertion. Only 2 28 RUBBER MANUFACTURE. in the case of
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