Islam, a challenge to faith; studies on the Mohammedan religion and the needs and opportunities of the Mohammedan world from the standpoint of Christian missions . weapons prepared in Godsprovidence for the spiritual conquest of the ^An approximate estimate shows that 63,000,000 Moslems speak the rsrn-guages of India; only 45,000,000 speak Arabic as their mother tongue; 32,-000,000 use African languages other than Arabic; 31,000,000 Moslems inChina, Chinese-Turkestan and among the Chinese of Southern Asia speakChinese; 30,000,000 the languages of the Malay Archipelago; and other
Islam, a challenge to faith; studies on the Mohammedan religion and the needs and opportunities of the Mohammedan world from the standpoint of Christian missions . weapons prepared in Godsprovidence for the spiritual conquest of the ^An approximate estimate shows that 63,000,000 Moslems speak the rsrn-guages of India; only 45,000,000 speak Arabic as their mother tongue; 32,-000,000 use African languages other than Arabic; 31,000,000 Moslems inChina, Chinese-Turkestan and among the Chinese of Southern Asia speakChinese; 30,000,000 the languages of the Malay Archipelago; and other mil-lions Turkish Slavonic and Turkish, as indicated on page 166. ^Table showing into which languages, spoken by Moslems as their ver-naculars, the Bible has been translated in whole or in part: 1. Arabic: whole Bible. 2. Persian: whole Bible. 3. Urdu: whole Bible. 4. Turkish— Ottoman: whole : whole : four : four : St. : New : New Testament. 5. Pashto: whole Bible. 6. Bilochi: portions. 7. Malay— High) Low / portions. 8. Javanese: portions. 9. Kisuahelj; whole PRESENT CONDITION OF MOSLEM WORLD 165 The chief Hterary languages of Islam next to Arabicare Turkish, Persian, Urdu and Bengali. In all of theselanguages there is a large Moslem religious literature,dogmatic, apologetic and controversial. Even in Chinesethere is a considerable amount of Mohammedan litera-ture. Some works are published under the imprimaturof the Emperor, but a translation of the Koran is not per-mitted.^ Political Divisions.—The present political division ofthe Mohammedan world is a startling evidence of thefinger of God in history and an unpredecented missionarychallenge to the churches of Christendom. Once jNloslemempire was co-extensive with I^Ioslem faith. In 907 A. Caliphate of political power included Spain, Morocco,Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt, Asia :\Iinor, Syria, Arabia,Persia, Turkestan,
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