. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 106 The Ottawa Naturalist [Vol. XXXII. is floored with stoneless marine clay, its surface standing at a slightly higher level than the clay plain in the Bonnechere valley into which it merges. The length of the combined clay plains from Ren- frew to the furthest point in Bromley is 20 miles and its widest extent is 6 miles. The greater part of this land was sown with spring wheat in 1918 with excellent results. Douglas IS a small tradmg and social centre for the neighbonng farming community. Its situation on the southern slope of a low ridge ov
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 106 The Ottawa Naturalist [Vol. XXXII. is floored with stoneless marine clay, its surface standing at a slightly higher level than the clay plain in the Bonnechere valley into which it merges. The length of the combined clay plains from Ren- frew to the furthest point in Bromley is 20 miles and its widest extent is 6 miles. The greater part of this land was sown with spring wheat in 1918 with excellent results. Douglas IS a small tradmg and social centre for the neighbonng farming community. Its situation on the southern slope of a low ridge overlooking the valley makes it a desirable site for residential purposes, but it is doubtful if it will expand in- dustrially owing to its proximity to Renfrew. larged its passages until a considerable volume now issues from a cave on the north side of the river a short distance below the foot of the falls. There are a series of lofty caves in the cliffs below the falls, in addition to the one through which the stream dis- charges and probably formed in the samv_ manner. The lower limestone beds in the cliff are shaly in characted and consequently very friable and easily worn by the action of running water. The upper beds are less easily disintegrated being massive and more compact in texture, and these form the roofs of the caverns. Masses from the upper beds, however, are con- tinually falling, according as the lower shaly beds. Fig. The highly cultivated clay plain west of Renfrew, looking toward the southern upland border. The clay land extends a few miles west of Douglas, but only in a very narrow strip along the river banks and ceases entirely near the fourth chute. There is an extensive sheet of glacial oulwash gravels at Caldwell station on the Grand Trunk railway four miles west of Douglas. The railway company has worked out a large excavation in using these gravels for ballast, so that good sections show- ing their character and structure can be observed. FOURTH CHUTE.
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