. The practice of medicine; a text-book for practitioners and students, with special reference to diagnosis and treatment . points of Erb in Ziemssens plates; or the indifferentpole may be placed on the nerve point of a given muscle or set of muscles,and the testing pole applied to the belly of the same muscle. The testingelectrode should be small enough to permit the isolation of a single ner\^eor muscle. ^ Under all ordinary circumstances electrical contraction produced in muscles is indirect-—that is,through the nerve filaments distributed to the muscle. That the two are. however, distinct
. The practice of medicine; a text-book for practitioners and students, with special reference to diagnosis and treatment . points of Erb in Ziemssens plates; or the indifferentpole may be placed on the nerve point of a given muscle or set of muscles,and the testing pole applied to the belly of the same muscle. The testingelectrode should be small enough to permit the isolation of a single ner\^eor muscle. ^ Under all ordinary circumstances electrical contraction produced in muscles is indirect-—that is,through the nerve filaments distributed to the muscle. That the two are. however, distinct may be shownthrough the influence of curare, which destroys nerve irritability, but allows that of muscle protoplasm toremain. GENERAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY 849 With the faradic or galvanic battery contractions may generally beproduced in health with great facility, either directly or indirectly, al-though stronger currents are required for direct stimxilation. Contrac-tions take place with the galvanic battery only at the making and break-ing of the current by the commutator or reverser. A definite law Triceps (long head). Flexor sublimis digitorum(index and little fingers). Palmaris brevis. Abductor min. digit. Flexor min. digit. Opponens min. digit. Abductor poUicis. Fig. 139.—Motor Points on Upper Limb, Flexor Surface—(after Erb and de Watteville). of response exists with galvanism. Thus, beginning with very weak cur-rents, it is observed that contraction first takes place at the moment ofthat closure which makes the testing pole the kathode or negative pole—kathodal closiure (KaCl). As the strength of the current is increasedthe, kathodal closure contractions become stronger, and anodal closure(AnCl) contractions make their appearance. With still stronger currents 850 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM the anodal opening (AnO) contraction occurs, and, last of all, when thekathodal closure contractions become tetanic (Te), slight kathodal open-ing (KaO) contractions appear. Th
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