. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. Figure model of rela- tionship among untreated infestation area, intensity, physical effects, dollar damages, size of treatment area, and costs. lates pest management efforts (acres trea- ted) to results measured as a reduction of impact. The combined model of cost, damage, and production functions provides management
. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. Figure model of rela- tionship among untreated infestation area, intensity, physical effects, dollar damages, size of treatment area, and costs. lates pest management efforts (acres trea- ted) to results measured as a reduction of impact. The combined model of cost, damage, and production functions provides management with a useful guide that uses least total cost as the criterion for in- vestment decisions in forest protection efforts. Finally, a word of caution is appro- priate because values other than those for timber must be considered. Some areas may yield larger nonmarket values than others--recreational and wildlife values are prime examples. A simple economic analysis of timber values, such as illus- trated, may underestimate the amount of protection that is appropriate for areas yielding amenity values. However, if in- formation is given about the impact of infestation on forest amenities and non- fiber products, the model can be adjusted to incorporate these values as well. The decision framework compares increments of expenditure and focuses on relative effec- tiveness, so that the decisionmaker can see his alternatives in quantitative terms. Freeman, A. M. , III, R. H. Haveman, and A. V. Kneese. 1973. The economics of environmental policy. 184 p. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Gansner, D. A., and 0. W. Herrick. 1979. Forest stand losses to gypsy moth in the Poconos. 5 p. Dep. Agric. For. Serv., Res. Note NE-273. North- east. For. Exp. Stn., Broomall, Pa. Headley, R. 1916. Fire suppression, Dis- trict 5. 57 p. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Herrick, 0. W. 1981. Forest pest manage- ment economics — application to the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L). For. Sci. [In pre
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