. Review of reviews and world's work. thanks to the governments prohibitionsand obstructions, lasted twenty years. In 1878,after much effort and pleading, the governmentauthorized the establishment of new courses forwomen of a literary, philological, and scientificcharacter. The ministry of the interior gener-ously offered quarters for the lectures in its ownbuilding, which greatly surprised the , the minister attended several of the lec-tures incognito, as it were, pleasantly remarkingto a friend that his own education had beenneglected and that he was anxious to learn some-t


. Review of reviews and world's work. thanks to the governments prohibitionsand obstructions, lasted twenty years. In 1878,after much effort and pleading, the governmentauthorized the establishment of new courses forwomen of a literary, philological, and scientificcharacter. The ministry of the interior gener-ously offered quarters for the lectures in its ownbuilding, which greatly surprised the , the minister attended several of the lec-tures incognito, as it were, pleasantly remarkingto a friend that his own education had beenneglected and that he was anxious to learn some-thing of physiology and anatomy. Soon, however, the courses had to be trans-ferred to another building. A period of no-madic existence began, the government mean-time prohibiting public appeals and subscrip-tions in behalf of the courses and instructingthe provincial governors to veto resolutions ofzemstvos appropriating money for the , therefore, had to be collected privately,but so dear has been the cause of higher educa-. REFOHMS IN RUSSI.\ ! Making a beginning in Moscow.âFrom Gvelot (Paris). LEADING ARTICLES OF THE MONTH. 607 tion to intellectual Russia that, notwithstandingall obstacles and official resistance, there hasnever been any lack of financial resources. In 1876, the ministry of education had invitedthe provincial boards of education to considerthe question of providing for womens coursesin all provincial universities, such courses to berigidly supervised and regulated, and the com-pletion of the studies to confer no title, degree,or rights whatsoever on the graduates. Af-firmative decisions were reached everywhere,and two years later the courses were in 1886 reaction was again dominant in thecapital, and all the womens courses were, with-out a word of warning, ordered suspended. Thissuspension, however, was never made quite com-plete. An uncertain condition ensued, lastingabout three years. Then the courses were re-opened and reorganized, and


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1890