. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. Ecosystem" (with associated biodiversity "B") is shown to provide an array of ecosystem services, some to the "Agricultural ecological-economic system", some to the consumers in the "Urban/Industrial system" and some exported (incorporating human services as well). Payments (€) for these services do, of course, not go to the ecosystems but to the production, harvesting and trade sectors of the Agricultural and Urban systems, respectively. Since the industrial age, an increasi
. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. Ecosystem" (with associated biodiversity "B") is shown to provide an array of ecosystem services, some to the "Agricultural ecological-economic system", some to the consumers in the "Urban/Industrial system" and some exported (incorporating human services as well). Payments (€) for these services do, of course, not go to the ecosystems but to the production, harvesting and trade sectors of the Agricultural and Urban systems, respectively. Since the industrial age, an increasing part of the economic dynamics has become determined by the "Imported goods and services, including fuels," and trade, and consequently the direct dependency of the agricultural and urban prosperity on local and regional ecosystems decreased! Psychologically, this has led to estrangement of the regional population from their local resource base, with decreasing care for management and for sustainability of use. However, in reality, the local systems still provide a real value to both the local and the global economy through various types of services. In the second half of the 20th century, globalization, world trade discussions and increasing worries about the quality of environmental conditions in developing countries, which export their raw materials, have led to re-evaluation of the role of ecosystem services in regional economies. Exported ECON-ecol Goods & services. Exported ECOL-econ Goods & services Figure The generalised ecological — economic system (Braat, in prep.). The diagram indicates the various types of ecosystem sendees, as distinguished by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA, 2005a). The green boxes and arrows represent the direct and indirect contributions by the bio-geo-chemical processes in ecological systems (both natural and man-influenced agricultural), called provisioning sendees when actual food, fiber or clean water is d
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