. The Canadian horticulturist. Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario; Fruit-culture. 360 The Canadian Horticulturist. SOME INJURIOUS GRAPE MONG those which appear somewhat early in the season and affect the vines by puncturing the leaves, sucking out the juices and causing them to turn whitish, and sometimes to "become shrivelled or withered, is the Leaf Hopper (Typhlocyba vitis). Its attacks are generally more noticeable on the thin- leaved varieties, and of little consequence on the thicker-leaved forms, such as Concords and Worden. The Leaf Hoppers pass the winter in the adul
. The Canadian horticulturist. Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario; Fruit-culture. 360 The Canadian Horticulturist. SOME INJURIOUS GRAPE MONG those which appear somewhat early in the season and affect the vines by puncturing the leaves, sucking out the juices and causing them to turn whitish, and sometimes to "become shrivelled or withered, is the Leaf Hopper (Typhlocyba vitis). Its attacks are generally more noticeable on the thin- leaved varieties, and of little consequence on the thicker-leaved forms, such as Concords and Worden. The Leaf Hoppers pass the winter in the adult state secreted under leaves and rubbish, and begin their attacks on the vines almost as soon as the leaves are expanded, also depositing eggs which produce numerous young, which develop during the summer months, the number increasing rapidly until the vines may be so thickly in- fested that a swarm of hoppers will rise upon the least disturbance of the leaves. This insect is not easily treated since it is not affected by any sprays upon, the leaves, but any destructive agent must reach the Leaf Hoppers themselves in order to be effective. Spraying with kerosene emulsion, taking pains to reach the under sides of the leaves, is perhaps one of the most effective plans, and is particularly useful while the insects are young, but less likely to affect the adults, which take wing quickly when disturbed, and may possibly escape the spray. A plan which has recently been recommended somewhat is known as the Shield method, and consists in covering a canvas or pasteboard stretched on a frame with tar, and carrying this along the rows of vines. The Leaf Hoppers are disturbed by shaking the vines with one hand, while the shield is held in such position that the insects will hop or fly against the tarred surface and be caught. The Grape Berry Moth or Grape Seed Caterpillar (Eudemis botrana), has not until recently been known as a destructive species in Iowa, but I have learned from a Dr. M
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