. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters), no. 46-50. Forests and forestry. Weeding must begin very early. Weeds must be pulled before they are so large that their removal seriously loosens the roots of the tiny trees, which break off very easily. Accordingly, great care must be used in weeding, which makes it a slow process. To get careful weeders is difficult, for weeding is not easy work. Neither is it work for which a large wage can be paid. Yet, despite its cost, weeding is believed to be cheaper and more effective than the sterilization of the soil before sowing. When a
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters), no. 46-50. Forests and forestry. Weeding must begin very early. Weeds must be pulled before they are so large that their removal seriously loosens the roots of the tiny trees, which break off very easily. Accordingly, great care must be used in weeding, which makes it a slow process. To get careful weeders is difficult, for weeding is not easy work. Neither is it work for which a large wage can be paid. Yet, despite its cost, weeding is believed to be cheaper and more effective than the sterilization of the soil before sowing. When a bed contains a good stand of seedlings, there will be littlf need of weeding in the second summer. The dense stand of little trees will tend to choke out most weeds. Nevertheless, diii-ing tlie two or three years that a bed is oc- cupied by the trees, the adjacent paths will need to be cleaned regularly. This can be aecom])lished easily by hand-hoeing and horse cultivation. The com|)ost pile is the place for organic^ refuse nuiterial, such as straw that has been used two or three times for mulch and winter cover, leaves and needles that blow into the nursery, and grass and weeds that are cut oi- pulled in the nursery, to- gether with stable man- ure. This pile is turned over at regular intervals during a period of two years. At the end of this. A liniidlc of Fifty Tiro-Ycar-Old White Pine Seedlings time all the vegetable matter has thoroughly decayed, and has been well mixed with the earth that was also deposited in the pile. This well-rotted compost is not only an excellent fertilizer, but makes the very best mixture to sift on the to])s of beds after they have been seeded. LITTLE TRANSPLANTING IS DONE In the State forest tree nurseries of Pennsylvania, the aim is to produce large quantities of trees that are large and strong enough for forest planting purposes. In most commercial nurseries, on the other hand, the aim is to produce relatively larger-sized trees to be 22 used f
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