boulevard montmartre paris 1870 france french cafe shop tea cake
Thee Boulevard Montmartre is one of the four grands boulevards of Paris. It was constructed in 1763. Contrary to what its name may suggest, the road is not situated on the hills of Montmartre. It is the easternmost of the grand boulevards. In 1851, as part of its publicity, an auction of a gold ingot to finance the expatriation of 3,300 would-be prospectors to San Francisco was held. The ingot, valued at 400,000 Francs, was exhibited on the boulevard. The grands boulevards are essentially 'the best' of the Parisian boulevards. They correspond to the « Nouveau Cours » built between 1668 and 1705 along the enceinte de Louis XIII. The boulevards of Louis XIV were conceived by Pierre Bullet to link the Porte Saint-Antoine (situated where the place de la Bastille now stands) to the Porte Saint-Honoré (situated where the Place de la Madeleine). Parisians made the boulevards into promenades which were popular through the ages and the changes in the city. They were the setting for Maupassant's Bel Ami; Fred Astaire took to the boulevards in Funny Face (1957). The opening of other trunk roads, namely Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Boulevard Haussmann, Avenue de la Ré have reduced the visibility of the Grand Boulevards and the enceinte of Louis XIII in the Paris topography. Which ones exactly are classed amongst the « Grands Boulevards » now have become blurred: many Parisians would automatically include Boulevard Haussmann amongst them, as the large department stores (Printemps and Galeries Lafayette) draw promenaders in the "boulevardier spirit". However, strictly speaking, "les Grands Boulevards" would only include the Boulevard Beaumarchais, Filles-du-Calvaire, Temple, Saint-Martin, Saint-Denis, Bonne-Nouvelle, Poissonnière, Montmartre, Italiens, Capucines and the Boulevard de la Madeleine boulevards.
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