. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. 270 PARASITES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. varied from 10 to 20 per cent., but in many cases almost all the members of a flock exhibited diarrhoea and loss of condition. The cause appeared to be the presence of small nematode worms in the fom'th stomach, which generally exhibited gastritis with inflammatory congestion of the mucous membrane, though in a considerable number of cases the lining membrane of the stomach was markedly anaemic. In a large number of cases the irritation of the mucous membrane was continued into the duod
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. 270 PARASITES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. varied from 10 to 20 per cent., but in many cases almost all the members of a flock exhibited diarrhoea and loss of condition. The cause appeared to be the presence of small nematode worms in the fom'th stomach, which generally exhibited gastritis with inflammatory congestion of the mucous membrane, though in a considerable number of cases the lining membrane of the stomach was markedly anaemic. In a large number of cases the irritation of the mucous membrane was continued into the duodenum, but as a rule the remainder of the small intestine was not inflamed. The worms named by McFadyean Strongylus cervicornis are from 10 to 12 mm. in length, so that although not of microscopic dimensions they cannot be seen when suspended in the stomach contents. They are readily detected in microscopical preparations under a low power. The treatment is similar to that of gastro-enteritis in cattle, but chief attention should be directed to prophylaxis. ^ * * * A verminous disease, closely simulating the above, and affecting cattle, sheep, and goats in Texas, is described by Ch. Warden Stiles in the Annual Eeport of the United States Department of Agricul- ture for 1900, p. 356. The disease was of mixed character, and consisted in various de- grees of verminous gastritis, verminous enteritis, and ver- minous bronchitis. In the stomach were found the common twisted wireworm {Strongylus contortus) and Ostertag's encysted wireworm {Strongylus Ostertagi). It appeared to be present in every calf, steer and cow examined (post-mortem), and was undoubtedly the chief agent in causing death. The sheep and goats were very similarly affected. In the bowel of cattle were found the hookworm {Uncinaiia radiata), nodular disease w^orm {(Esopliagostoma colunihianum) : in that of sheep the hookworm {Uncinaria cernua) and nodular disease worm {G^soj^h ago stoma columhiamnn), and the fringed ta
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