. Electric railway journal . FIG .4 FIG,. 1—GEARLESS STAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 2—SPUR-GEARED STAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 3—BEVEL-GEAREDSTAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 4—DIAGRAM OF FORCES FOR SPUR-GEARED STAFF TYPE OF HAND BRAKE located directly on the hand-brake staff and is oftentapered in such a way that the chain is wrapped aroundthe small end when the Iprake shoes are tight againstthe wheels. In other cases a cam is substituted for thedrum and it is so designed that it gives the same effectas the tapered drum. When hand brakes are appliedto cars in connection with air brakes, the pull rod orchain co


. Electric railway journal . FIG .4 FIG,. 1—GEARLESS STAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 2—SPUR-GEARED STAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 3—BEVEL-GEAREDSTAFF HAND BRAKE. FIG. 4—DIAGRAM OF FORCES FOR SPUR-GEARED STAFF TYPE OF HAND BRAKE located directly on the hand-brake staff and is oftentapered in such a way that the chain is wrapped aroundthe small end when the Iprake shoes are tight againstthe wheels. In other cases a cam is substituted for thedrum and it is so designed that it gives the same effectas the tapered drum. When hand brakes are appliedto cars in connection with air brakes, the pull rod orchain controlled by the hand-brake mechanism is gen-erally attached directly to some one of the levers of theairbrake rigging in such a way that the brakes may beset on both trucks from one or both ends of the car. The principles involved in the determination of theforces developed by any standard hand brake are exactlythe same as those outlined in a preceding article pub-lished in the Electric Railway Journal for Jan. 15,1921. The


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