. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. The first significant gap filling was carried out to develop values for different land use types within a given biome. In general, the evaluation litterature provided a value for ecosystem service for a given landuse type within a biome (usually for natural areas that were being studied). If only these were to be applied, then there would be too many gaps to derive a total value for the change in landuse. To address this evaluation challenge, the COPI team looked at the broad relation beteween ecosystem servic
. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. The first significant gap filling was carried out to develop values for different land use types within a given biome. In general, the evaluation litterature provided a value for ecosystem service for a given landuse type within a biome (usually for natural areas that were being studied). If only these were to be applied, then there would be too many gaps to derive a total value for the change in landuse. To address this evaluation challenge, the COPI team looked at the broad relation beteween ecosystem service provision and landuse types within a biome. Figure is an illustration of these relationships. The relationships between biodiversity and Ecosystem services are presented in Figures and They are working assumptions that have been made to facilitate the analysis. Relation of Ecosystem Services, land use types and biodiversity (MSA indicator) Ecosystem Service Value Cultureal s spiritual, edufcati n, (sum) lustrative Sum of Ecosystem service values Regulating service ''•.., (sum of components) / y Cultural service's. recreation & tourism. Provisioning Service (max function) Light use MSA Extensive Degraded 0 Urban Figure Relationship between Ecosystem service provision and land use types For regulating services (water, air, climate) there is a gradual fall of services as the ecosystem is degraded. For recreation and tourism, generally values require a certain amount of accessibility and infrastructure to have maximum wealth and fall as the quality of the resource falls as a substitute is chosen - hence the values peak early, under light use. For other cultural services such as spiritual value or information value it tends to decrease as the ecosystem is degraded. Provisioning services are maximised in converted ecosystems, with the location of the maximum depending on soil quality, market for the goods and also nature40 and timescale41 of the analysis. To
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