Iran/Uzbekistan: Ulugh Beg (22 March 1394 - 27 October 1449), astronomer. Miniature painting, c. 1453. Ulugh Beg was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan. His commonly-known name is not truly a personal name, but can be loosely translated as 'Great Ruler' and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e Kabīr. His real name was Mīrzā Mohammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrokh. Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry. He built the great observatory in Samarkand, between 1424 and 1429.


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