Bush-fruits; a horticultural monograph of raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, currants, gooseberries, and other shrub-like fruits . Hartley, ofLincoln, Neb., for cutting off plum-sprouts. In mellow soil a scuffle-hoe is useful for workingamong plants which have become large and spreading. 16 BUSH-FRUITS The crescent scuffle-hoe answers this purpose admira-bly. If preferred, and the materials are at hand, onecan be made by riveting the outer tines of an old forkto a piece of bush-scythe, as shown inFig. 1.* In this connection two devices for thehorse which does the cultivating shouldbe menti
Bush-fruits; a horticultural monograph of raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, currants, gooseberries, and other shrub-like fruits . Hartley, ofLincoln, Neb., for cutting off plum-sprouts. In mellow soil a scuffle-hoe is useful for workingamong plants which have become large and spreading. 16 BUSH-FRUITS The crescent scuffle-hoe answers this purpose admira-bly. If preferred, and the materials are at hand, onecan be made by riveting the outer tines of an old forkto a piece of bush-scythe, as shown inFig. 1.* In this connection two devices for thehorse which does the cultivating shouldbe mentioned. One is a wire muzzle, inthe shape of a basket, which can beslipped over the nose and buckled intothe bit-rings. With such a device toprevent the horse from nipping the plantshe will keep his place in the row and dohis work better. The other device is aleather apron, to be worn on his breast,which will save him many an Home-made gcratch. It is generally necessary to searirer or scraper. o ./ keep the horse close to one row to makethe cultivator reach under the bushes, and this apronwill materially aid in doing PRUNING The old canes of raspberries and blackberries arebest removed and burned as soon as fruiting is insects that may be contained in them are thusdestroyed. The canes can be more easily cut at thattime, for they are still soft, while by spring they be-come very dry and woody. This early removal offersa good opportunity to clean up the plantation and culti- * Other patterns of useful tools are illustrated in Garden-Makinc. IMPLEMENTS Yl vate close to the bushes. Though the fruiting-habit ofcurrants and gooseberries is different from that of bram-bles, a similar principle of renewing the fruiting-woodmay be used with advantage. Fruit borne on old woodbecomes deficient in size. It is better therefore to cutout all parts more than two years old and allow theyounger shoots to take their places. This is preferableto shortening-in the shoots, for
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