. Communal hierarchy and significance of environmental parameters for brachiopods : the New Zealand Permian model. Brachiopoda, Fossil; Paleoecology; Paleontology; Paleontology. Pacific - Melanesian Collision Zone (Upper Tertiary — Recent). ANTARCTIC PLATE Fig. 1 Relation of New Zealand to past and present leading margins of major tectonic plates, as shown by volcanic arcs indicative of Benioff zones. Particularly relevant is the Permian volcanic arc, consisting of calcalk- aline and tholeiitic magmas in a typical lavacline (Waterhouse and Norris, 1972), which was twisted during the Cretaceous
. Communal hierarchy and significance of environmental parameters for brachiopods : the New Zealand Permian model. Brachiopoda, Fossil; Paleoecology; Paleontology; Paleontology. Pacific - Melanesian Collision Zone (Upper Tertiary — Recent). ANTARCTIC PLATE Fig. 1 Relation of New Zealand to past and present leading margins of major tectonic plates, as shown by volcanic arcs indicative of Benioff zones. Particularly relevant is the Permian volcanic arc, consisting of calcalk- aline and tholeiitic magmas in a typical lavacline (Waterhouse and Norris, 1972), which was twisted during the Cretaceous orogeny into a spiroform Z-fold at the edge of the Pacific Ocean and subsequently separated 300 miles by transform movement along the Alpine Fault, between the Tonga trench-arc couple in the north, and a less well under- stood Puysegur ridge, with a possible trench. Permian sequences are best preserved in southern New Zealand, where rocks retain their original east-west orientation. 34. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Waterhouse, J. Bruce; Royal Ontario Museum. [Toronto : Royal Ontario Museum]
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