Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . changes have alreadygone very far. The ranchu seems farther removed from the orig-inal type, as its globular body and the absence of the dorsal fin welltestify. The relations that these three varieties hold to one anotherare involved in obscurity. Some think that the ryukin is a crossbetween the wakin and the ranchu, but I think that this canhardly be so. I am inclined to think that the ryukin must havebeen bred from ancestors somewhat like the wakin by carefulselection, and that the ranchu? is the offshoot of another branchw
Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . changes have alreadygone very far. The ranchu seems farther removed from the orig-inal type, as its globular body and the absence of the dorsal fin welltestify. The relations that these three varieties hold to one anotherare involved in obscurity. Some think that the ryukin is a crossbetween the wakin and the ranchu, but I think that this canhardly be so. I am inclined to think that the ryukin must havebeen bred from ancestors somewhat like the wakin by carefulselection, and that the ranchu? is the offshoot of another branchwhich must have separated from the wakin stem very early. Thecross between the ryukin and the ranchu is the oranda-shishigashira, and this, crossed again with the ranchu, is theshukin. An interesting fact is that in the first cross both thedorsal and the tail fins are long, but in the second cross the dorsal• fin is lost, while the tail is not only retained, but remains in a diagram, the supposed genealogy would be as fol-lows: ORANDA-SHISHIGASHIRA. RANCHU SHUKIN 708 OCEANOGRAPHY The goldfish is very common in Japan, and more or less reared inall parts, but the main centres of cultivation are Tokyo, Osaka, andKoriyama (a small town near Nara, where almost every householdengages in this business). Each of these places has its own peculiar-ities in the method of raising, but the differences are, on the whole, inminor details only. In Tokyo goldfish-breeders are all located in low-lying parts of the city, where ponds, a sine qua non of this business,can be easily made. One establishment is very much like another, the principal differ-ences being in the number and size of ponds. There is always a num-ber of shallow ponds, sometimes to the number of ten or dishes, slung by three strings from bamboo poles stuck inthe muddy bottom of the pond, are the dishes in which food isgiven to the goldfish. Besides these shallow ponds there is alwaysa large number of
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