. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 122 Gerd VON Wahlert (1973) pointed out that the evolution of land animals cannot be understood as a mere parallel development. Land animals have different origins, the evolution of terrestrial arthropods and of terrestrial vertebrates is related to two separate processes. According to von Wahlert every group of ani- mals had two options at the time and place of its origin. One option was to use a pre-used food source in a new way. The other option was to make a totally new food source accessible. The processes related to the use of old food sou
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 122 Gerd VON Wahlert (1973) pointed out that the evolution of land animals cannot be understood as a mere parallel development. Land animals have different origins, the evolution of terrestrial arthropods and of terrestrial vertebrates is related to two separate processes. According to von Wahlert every group of ani- mals had two options at the time and place of its origin. One option was to use a pre-used food source in a new way. The other option was to make a totally new food source accessible. The processes related to the use of old food sources in a new way lead to a remarkable co-existence of animal groups which had evolved consecutively. Von Wahlert (1978b) gives an impressive example of vertebrate groups, which all feed on insects. The evolutionary success of angiosperms is linked to that of (phytophagous, nectarivorous and pollen feeding) insects and the latter is linked to the striking co-existence of insectivorous vertebrates such as salamanders, frogs, lizards, birds, shrews and bats. Nocturnal and slow salaman- CLADOGRAM INSECTS HABITS WING CONSTRUCTION. Grashoppers Cockroaches Oragonfiles Silverfishes flying ability usee for various feeding habits metamorphosi; 5 via pupa sucking mouthparts flying ability hardly used for feeding Termites gnawing mouthparts predator detritus feeders forewings and hindwings different wings can be folded oacKwaras stiff wings without wings Fig. 8: Cladogram of insects (Insecta) with information about feeding habits and wing con- struction. Modified after von Wahlert (1978b).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bonn, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
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