. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). 298 Bulletin 178. There will be seen in figure 58 a slight constriction indicating the boundary between the duct of the teat and the milk cistern proper. In the examination of the udders incident to the bacteriologic work care was taken to ascertain if there was present a distinct barrier separating the milk cistern from that of the teat. Such was not found. There was seen, however, a considerable variation in the size of the con- striction in the different quar- ters of the several udders. The presence of
. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). 298 Bulletin 178. There will be seen in figure 58 a slight constriction indicating the boundary between the duct of the teat and the milk cistern proper. In the examination of the udders incident to the bacteriologic work care was taken to ascertain if there was present a distinct barrier separating the milk cistern from that of the teat. Such was not found. There was seen, however, a considerable variation in the size of the con- striction in the different quar- ters of the several udders. The presence of circularly dis- posed plain muscle fibres in the constriction of the mucous membranes and in the mucosa throughout the whole length of the teat has been demon, strated by the writer by histo- logic methods. The point to be emphasized is that no ob- struction capable of excluding bacteria from the milk cistern exists, except, perhaps, the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the teat* Plate 1 shows much better the system of milk channels in the udder. One-half of the udder of a cow was injected through the teats with a mass of hot gelatin containing lampblack in suspension. After cooling, which solidi- fied the gelatin, a section was made and photographed. The gela- tin was previously removed from the cavities of the teat, milk. Fig. 58. — A plaster of Paris cast of the interior of the teat and milk cistern of one quarter of an udder. * Dr. R. G. Freemun has observed that the milk of some cows when drawn from the udder witli aseptic precautions shows a considerable bacterial content even after the milking period is more than half completed. He has also found that this invasion is much more marked in the udders in which the ends of the teats are imperfectly closed by wesik sphincter muscles than in those possessing teats which are firmly closed at their lower extremities.—From unpublished data furnished by courtesy of Dr. Please note that these images are extracted
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