. A commentary on the scientific writings of J. Willard Gibbs. Gibbs, Joniah Willard, 1839-1908; Science; Thermodynamics. REPRESENTATION BY ZETA FUNCTION 301 point e'" of the line z'u'. So the transformations L{a) + L{b) -^ L{e) Liz) + Liu) -> Lie) are possible, namely a mixing of the liquids a and b or of z and u to give e. But the opposite changes, , a separation of the liquid e into liquids a and h or into liquids 2 and u, are not possible. Since these considerations apply equally to every liquid e of Fig. 4, it follows that: when the ^-curve is wholly W. w Fig. 5 convex towards
. A commentary on the scientific writings of J. Willard Gibbs. Gibbs, Joniah Willard, 1839-1908; Science; Thermodynamics. REPRESENTATION BY ZETA FUNCTION 301 point e'" of the line z'u'. So the transformations L{a) + L{b) -^ L{e) Liz) + Liu) -> Lie) are possible, namely a mixing of the liquids a and b or of z and u to give e. But the opposite changes, , a separation of the liquid e into liquids a and h or into liquids 2 and u, are not possible. Since these considerations apply equally to every liquid e of Fig. 4, it follows that: when the ^-curve is wholly W. w Fig. 5 convex towards the composition axis, all the liquids are stable and miscible with one another in all proportions. 6. In Fig. 5 we can draw a double tangent line, touching the f-curve in points a' and b'. Since the f-point e" of the system Lia) + L{b) now lies below the f-point e' of the liquid phase e, the conversion L(e) —^ Lia) + L{b) may occur, , a separation of liquid e into the liquids a and b. Conversely, the liquids a and b cannot mix to give the liquid e. Hence we have the following result for Fig. 5. All the liquids of Wa and bX are stable; all the liquids between a and b are metastable or un- stable, and separate or tend to separate into the stable system Lia) + Lib). Let us take at ordinary temperature and pressure W = water, X = ether. If we now add so little ether to the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Donnan, F. G. (Frederick George), 1870-1956; Haas, Arthur Erich, 1884-1941. New Haven, Yale University Press; London, H. Milford, Oxford University Press
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectscience, booksubjectthermodynamics
