An academic physiology and hygiene .. . lythe bones, but the cartilages and membranes which com-plete the framework of the body. By some anatomiststhe teeth are also considered as belonging to the skeleton. 2. The skeleton serves as a basis of support for the softparts, affords surfaces of attachment for muscles, protec-tion for many delicate organs, and gives general outlineto the body. The bones composing it vary in size andshape according to their location and office, and are boundtogether by fibrous bands, called ligaments. In the adultthere are about two hundred separate bones, not includ
An academic physiology and hygiene .. . lythe bones, but the cartilages and membranes which com-plete the framework of the body. By some anatomiststhe teeth are also considered as belonging to the skeleton. 2. The skeleton serves as a basis of support for the softparts, affords surfaces of attachment for muscles, protec-tion for many delicate organs, and gives general outlineto the body. The bones composing it vary in size andshape according to their location and office, and are boundtogether by fibrous bands, called ligaments. In the adultthere are about two hundred separate bones, not including i6 ACADEMIC PHYSIOLOGY. the teeth and the small bones of each ear. In the childthey are more numerous; and in the process of develop-ment of the skeleton, certain bones become united. 3. For convenience in classification the bones are di-vided into those of the heady trunk, the upper and the low-er extremities. The head has twenty-two bones, the trunkfifty-two, the upper extremities sixty-four, and the lowerextremities sixty-two. i. Fig. 2. — The Skull {Front View).i, frontal bone ; 2, parietal bones; 3, temporal bones; 4, portions of the sphenoid bones,forming the backs of the orbits of the eyes; 5, nasal bones; 6, superior maxillary bones;7, inferior maxillary bone; 8, malar or cheek bones. THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. IJ 4. The Head. — The bones of the head are subdividedinto those of the cranium or skull, and those of the face;of the former there are eight, and of the latter fourteen. 5. The bones of the skull axe separate in infancy and child-hood ; but in the adult they become firmly united by irreg-ular, immovable joints called sutures (Lat. sutura, fromsucrc, to sew or stitch), and thus form a strong, roundedcase for the lodgement and protection of the brain and theorgans of the special senses. These bones have beennamed according to their shape or location, as follows :the occipital bone, at the back and base of the skull, con-tains an aperture for the passage of the up
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