. Republican Rome; her conquests, manners and institutions from the earliest times to the death of Caesar . arnest faith—a faith in themselves,in the favour of heaven and in the conquering destiny of Rome. The Pillars of Society Those who have followed as far as this point will be led to theconclusion that the three pillars of Roman society were piety,domestic purity, and devotion to agriculture. After the founda-tion of the Empire this truth was clearly grasped by Augustus,and by his adviser Maecenas, who invoked the Muse of epic andlyric poetry to revive the traditions of a simpler and bette
. Republican Rome; her conquests, manners and institutions from the earliest times to the death of Caesar . arnest faith—a faith in themselves,in the favour of heaven and in the conquering destiny of Rome. The Pillars of Society Those who have followed as far as this point will be led to theconclusion that the three pillars of Roman society were piety,domestic purity, and devotion to agriculture. After the founda-tion of the Empire this truth was clearly grasped by Augustus,and by his adviser Maecenas, who invoked the Muse of epic andlyric poetry to revive the traditions of a simpler and betterage. The same moral intention is seen in lyivy, and threegenerations later in Tacitus, whose description of Germanyis full of an implied satire on the manners of contemporaryRome. But all the efforts of legislators and all the eloquenceof poets could not avail to people the deserted fields of Italy, torekindle the true spirit of worship, or to restore the old ideals. The Etruscans It remains to speak of the other races of Italy, and to takea brief glance at the great world outside. The most powerful. EARLY HISTORY nation of Italy at the close of the sixth century before Christwere the Etruscans, a mysterious people, resembling no otherrace in language or manners, whose origin remains a riddleat the present day. Descending probably at some remoteperiod through the central passes of the Alps, where they lefttraces of their presence in the dis-trict of Rhaetia,^ they overran thewhole plain of the Po, foundingmighty cities, and subduing theUmbrians, a people akin to theSabellians, who had settled in thenorthern region of Italy at a stillearlier date. Then, crossing theApennines, they poured into therich upland province of Etruria,which they found occupied by amixed Umbrian, Pelasgian, andIvigurian population. At the timewhich we have reached theywere still undisputed masters of Etruria, and their influence extended to the coast districtsof I^atium, and to the favoured land of Ca
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