. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. CARYOPHYLLEAE i8i plants not far from the same district, and found them homogamous or slightly protandrous. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, he also observed female ones, distributed gynodioeciously or gynomonoeciously. Visitors.—Herm. Miiller observed numerous small nect-skg. flies. 130. Alsine L. Flowers white, usually small, protandrous, homogamous or protogynous, with half-concealed nectar. 451. A. vema Bartl. (=A. Gerardi Wahlenb.). (Herm. Miiller,' Alpen
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. CARYOPHYLLEAE i8i plants not far from the same district, and found them homogamous or slightly protandrous. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, he also observed female ones, distributed gynodioeciously or gynomonoeciously. Visitors.—Herm. Miiller observed numerous small nect-skg. flies. 130. Alsine L. Flowers white, usually small, protandrous, homogamous or protogynous, with half-concealed nectar. 451. A. vema Bartl. (=A. Gerardi Wahlenb.). (Herm. Miiller,' Alpenblumen,' pp. 183-4; Schulz, 'BeitrSge,' I, p. 18.)—In the Alps, according to Hermann Miiller, the flowers of this species attain a diameter of 6 mm. Schulz states that at a height of 2,000-3,000 m. it is as much as 7-9 mm., while in the Riesengebirge it averages lo mm. There is marked protandry (see Fig. 52), and Schulz asserts that self-pollination does not take place, though Kemer says that it occurs towards the end of anthesis, while according to MacLeod it is brought about by the closing of the flowers in the evening. Smaller female flowers have been observed, in addition to hermaphrodite ones, especially in the Hochgebirge. They are distributed gynomonoeciously and Fig. 53. Alsine verna, Bartl. (atter Herm. Miiller). A. Flower before the beginning of the first stage. B. Flower in the first half of the first (male) stage. C. Flower in the second half of the same stage, seen from above. D. The same in section seen from the side. E. Flower in the second (female) stage. F. Upper part of the stigma. G. Lower part of the same. The hermaphrodite flowers seen by Warming in Greenland—belonging to the variety (3) hirta Lange—were almost homogamous, and capable of self-pollination. In Spitzbergen the same botanist observed cases of protogyny, representing perhaps a transition towards the female Please note that these images are extracted from sca
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