. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. been executed), his son Edwardv., and his brother Richard III. (q. v.) successivelyswajed the sceptre. But Richards cruel andtjrannical government added new vigour to thereviving Lancastrians, and Henry Tudor (seeHenry VII.), the re[)resentative of their claims,defeated the Yorkist tyi-aut on the field of Bos-worth ; and then, by his marriage with Elizabeth,the eldest daughter of Edward IV., and the repre-sentative of the Yorkist claims, reunited in hisfamily the conflicting pretensions to the throne,which he transm
. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. been executed), his son Edwardv., and his brother Richard III. (q. v.) successivelyswajed the sceptre. But Richards cruel andtjrannical government added new vigour to thereviving Lancastrians, and Henry Tudor (seeHenry VII.), the re[)resentative of their claims,defeated the Yorkist tyi-aut on the field of Bos-worth ; and then, by his marriage with Elizabeth,the eldest daughter of Edward IV., and the repre-sentative of the Yorkist claims, reunited in hisfamily the conflicting pretensions to the throne,which he transmitted in peace to his Tddor ; and for the events of this contest, seeRoses, Wars of thk PLANTAGINE^, or PLANTAGINACE.^, a natural order of exogenous i)lants, mostly her-baceous and without stems; the leaves formingrosettes, fiat and ribbed, or taper and fieshy ; theflowers generally in sjjikes, and generally herma-phiodite ; the calyx 4-parted, pei-sistent; thecorolla hypogynous, membranous, jiersistent, itslimb 4-parted; the stamens four, inserted into the. Greater Plantain [Plantago major). corolla, with long filaments ; the ovary free, of asingle carpel, 1—4-celled; the cells containing ono,two, or many ovules; the fruit, a memViranoua 681 PLANTAIN. capsule with a lid. The testa of the seeds aljonndsin mucilage, which is easily extracted by boilingAvater. The order is allied to PlurnbaginecB andPrimulacem. There are about 120 known species,diffused over all parts of the globe, but mostabundant in temperate and cold countries. Themost important genus is Plantago, the species ofwhich often receive the English name of this genus are found in the United Kingdom,the chief of which are the following : the GreaterPlantain, or Waybread (P. major), one of themost common of British plants ; a perennial, withbroad ovate stalked leaves and long cylindricalspikes, growing in pastures, waysides, &c. It is verywidely diffused over the world. Its seeds are af
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