. Review of reviews and world's work . s,and variable currents, whichhandicapped the Germans muchless than the British, who hadto operate from a starting pointfarther away. There was also the Skager-rack passage between Denmarkand Norway, where no barriercould be placed without violat-ing neutral waters. Conse-quently, the enemy submarinescould always use this channelgoing to and from their basesat Kiel and Wilhelmshaven. Any barriers that the alliednavies could place near theGerman coast and near theSkagerrack were so close to theGerman bases that the enemycould at any time ^^reak through CHA
. Review of reviews and world's work . s,and variable currents, whichhandicapped the Germans muchless than the British, who hadto operate from a starting pointfarther away. There was also the Skager-rack passage between Denmarkand Norway, where no barriercould be placed without violat-ing neutral waters. Conse-quently, the enemy submarinescould always use this channelgoing to and from their basesat Kiel and Wilhelmshaven. Any barriers that the alliednavies could place near theGerman coast and near theSkagerrack were so close to theGerman bases that the enemycould at any time ^^reak through CHART OF THE NORTH SEA. SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE MINE BAR-at some pomt by suddenly at- RAGE LAID BY THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH MINING SQUADRONS tackmg there with more force tVian tViP Allies rriiiM m-iJnfiin (When tills mine barrage was found to he effective, reahzcd that tnan tne /\llies couia maintain j^^^ submarine warfare had failed and that the ultimate defeat of her landover any one section of the forces was inevital)le). 538 THE AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS previous types in economy and effectiveness,as well as the facility with which it could beplanted, that the Navy was inspired wnththe audacious idea of closing the North Seaagainst submarines by laying a mine fieldall the way from Scotland to Norway; adistance of 230 miles, or as far as from Bos-ton to New York. The undertaking wouldcost tens of millions, and might prove afailure; but it appeared to be the only hope-ful solution of the submarine problem, andso, in October, 1917, it was formally ap-proved by the Navy Department and thework went forward. Cooperation in the fullest measure was neces-sary from the start. Over 500 contractors andsub-contractors were soon engaged in the manu-facture of the many parts, small and large, thatgo into the make-up of a complete mine. Besides being a rush order all through, thetask was complicated by the necessity for keepingparts of the mine secret. Some pieces had to bemad
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