The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . pontificale (Paris), I, 542-556; FellerBiog. Univ., II, 199. Charles B. Schrantz. Bells.—The subject will be treated under thefollowing heads: I. Origin; II. Benediction; III. Uses;IV. Archaeology and Inscriptions; V. Points of Law. I. Origin.—That bells, at any rate hand-bells ofrelatively small size, were familiar to all the chiefnations of antiquity is a fact beyond dispute. Thearchaeological evidence for this conclusion has beencollected in
The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 2); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . pontificale (Paris), I, 542-556; FellerBiog. Univ., II, 199. Charles B. Schrantz. Bells.—The subject will be treated under thefollowing heads: I. Origin; II. Benediction; III. Uses;IV. Archaeology and Inscriptions; V. Points of Law. I. Origin.—That bells, at any rate hand-bells ofrelatively small size, were familiar to all the chiefnations of antiquity is a fact beyond dispute. Thearchaeological evidence for this conclusion has beencollected in the monograph of Abb6 Morillot and isquite overwhelming. Specimens are still preservedof the bells used in ancient Babylonia and in Egypt,as well as by the Romans and Greeks, while the bellundoubtedly figured no less prominently in such in-dependent civihzations as those of China and Hindu-stan. There is consequently no reason why the bellsupon the high priests ephod (Ex., xxxiii, 33) shouldnot have been tiny bells of normal shape. Further,it may be inferred from the purposes for which theywere used that the tintinnabula of which we read in. BELLS 419 BELLS the classics, must at least in some instances havebetokened hand-bells of larger size. See for exampleMartial, Epig., xiv, 161, where the signal for theopening of the baths is made with a tintinnabulumalso described as ces thermarum. None the less, thequestion whether anything corresponding in size to aonurch bell was known in pre-Christian times doesnot readily admit of an answer. We are not onlyignorant of the dimensions but also of the shape ofthe KiiSwK which was used for example to announcethe opening of the public markets (Cf. Strabo,Geogr., IV, xxi). We translate the word as bell,but it is possible that it would be more correctlyrendered gong or cymbals. The officer who madethe round of the sentries at night carried a ndSav(Thuoyd., IV, cxxxv; Aristoph., Aves, 842 sqq.), andit is difficult to believe that anythin
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