ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI
Bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi budding from its host cell (peritoneal mesothelial cell, colorized TEM). This specimen comes from the peritoneal cavity of a mouse infected experimentally to diagnose the infection of a patient. Orientia tsutsugamushi, formerly known as Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, is a bacterium responsible for scrub typhus (or Japanese flood ever). It is a Gram negative bacillus, intracellular exclusively, that proliferates into the cytoplasm of the macrophages, dthe endothelial cells and the polynuclear neutrophils ; therefore it provokes its own phagocytosis through those cells, then live freely in the cytoplasm, then exit the host cell by budding. Scrub typhus is a disease characterized by a high fever (40°C), cephalgias, coughs, obnubilations and an adenopathy. This zoonose is endemic in eastern Asia and western Pacific. It is transmitted through wild rodents, that are its reservoir, to mankind by a sting of trombiculidae larvae (from the genus Leptotrombidium). Orientia tsutsugamushi > Orientia > Rickettsie > Rickettsiaceae > Rickettsiales > Proteobacteria > Bacterium. This 1976 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicted an extracellular Orientia tsutsugamushi rickettsial micro-organism, covered with a distinct third outer membrane of probable host mesothelial cell origin. The specimen from which this image was obtained, was extracted from the peritoneal cavity of experimentally infected mouse. Formerly known as Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Orientia tsutsugamushi is the pathogen responsible for causing the febrile disease known as \scrub\ typhus, which is also known as \river\, or \flood\ typhus. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of larval trombiculid mites, , chiggers that had fed on infected rodents. The disease is characterized by the formation of a cutaneous ulcerative lesion at the site of the mite bite, which evolves into a blackened eschar known as \tache noire\. The initial ulcer is followed by localized
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Photo credit: © CDC/DR ED EWING / BSIP / Alamy / Afripics
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