. Bulletins of American paleontology. 92 Bulletin 357 9-30' 9-20' -. 9-10' 81'SO' Texl-tigure 1.âShip stations ( + ) for Recent t'oraniiniferal assemblages, and land-based province of Bocas del Toro. northwestern Panama. 40' 8r30' 81"20' geologic sections (â ) for fossil assemblages of the The diversity of a taxon such as benthic foramini- fera or mollusks typically varies considerably across neritic depths, which effect or bias should be consid- ered when examining biodiversity at this study's rel- atively small, regional scale. The ecological relation- ships of Recent foraminifera from
. Bulletins of American paleontology. 92 Bulletin 357 9-30' 9-20' -. 9-10' 81'SO' Texl-tigure 1.âShip stations ( + ) for Recent t'oraniiniferal assemblages, and land-based province of Bocas del Toro. northwestern Panama. 40' 8r30' 81"20' geologic sections (â ) for fossil assemblages of the The diversity of a taxon such as benthic foramini- fera or mollusks typically varies considerably across neritic depths, which effect or bias should be consid- ered when examining biodiversity at this study's rel- atively small, regional scale. The ecological relation- ships of Recent foraminifera from 37 ship stations (Text-fig. 1), covering a wide range of habitats in the archipelago of Bocas del Toro, northwestern Panama (Havach and Collins, 1997), were applied to interpret- ing paleoenvironments of Costa Rica and Panama. In this study, the species proportions and diversity of the Recent and fossil assemblages are analyzed quantita- tively and compared for similar environments. Because of generally strong associations of species with partic- ular marine environments, the relatively long geologic ranges of species in this study (mean first occurrence of Ma, similar to that in the U. S. Atlantic coastal plain calculated by Buzas and Culver, 1998), and the few Pliocene to Recent extinctions of Caribbean taxa common to these deposits (Collins, 1996), the expec- tation was that assemblages from the same environ- ment, rather than age, would be most similar. Previous, smaller scaled studies of Miocene to Pliocene taxa of the Bocas del Toro and Limon basins (Collins et al. 1995), and of Miocene taxa within the Panama Canal Basin (Collins et al., 1996b), showed that paleoenvi- ronment had a stronger influence than age on assem- blage composition. This study combines all the basins and adds Pleistocene to Recent data in an evaluation of 130 late Middle Miocene to Recent Caribbean as- semblages. The main purpose of this chapter is to evaluate ben- thic foraminiferal diversity
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