. Report of the geological exploration of the fortieth parallel . is nearly vertical. The para-pophysis supporting it is less prominent than in tlie fifteenth vertebra, anddoes not extend in front of, nor below, the anterinr articulation ot thecentrum. The diapophyses are well developed, and somewhat ascending(Plate IV, figure 7, h). They are flattened above, and strengthened by aroinuled ridge below. ridge is united with the posterior j)Ortion ofthe diapophysis, but anteriorly they are separated by a roimded groove,which is shallow distally, but continues proximally into a deej) excavat
. Report of the geological exploration of the fortieth parallel . is nearly vertical. The para-pophysis supporting it is less prominent than in tlie fifteenth vertebra, anddoes not extend in front of, nor below, the anterinr articulation ot thecentrum. The diapophyses are well developed, and somewhat ascending(Plate IV, figure 7, h). They are flattened above, and strengthened by aroinuled ridge below. ridge is united with the posterior j)Ortion ofthe diapophysis, but anteriorly they are separated by a roimded groove,which is shallow distally, but continues proximally into a deej) excavationunder the anterior zygapophysis. The neural spine is well developed, and tubercular at the top, as in thesucceeding vertebra, but of less antero-posterior extent. It is irregularlyexcavated at the base posteriorly by a fossa for the attachment of a liga-ment. The post-zygapophyses are less projecting, and somewhat nearertogether than in the preceding vertebra. The posterior aspect of the sixteenth vertebra is well represented inthe following figiue: Fig. FiorRE 11.—Sixteenth vertebra of Hesperornis regalis, Marsh; (So. 1477), posterior view; natural size. ; p. parapophysis; A. hypapophysis; nc. neural canal; s. neural spine; z. pre-zygapophysis;tf. post-zygapopbysis. Full measurements of three specimens of the sixteenth vertebra ofHesperornis regalis will be found in the following tables:6 42 ODONTORNITIIES. Measurements of Sixteenth Vertebra. (No. 1207.) Length of centrum, - - - Transverse diameters of anterior articulation of centrum, Vertical diameters of anterior articulation of centrum, Transverse diameters of posterior articulation of centrum, — - Vertical diameters of posterior articulation of centrum, Transverse diameter of vertebra, across pre-zygapophyses, Transverse diifmetcr of vertebra, across diapophyses,. .. Transverse diameter of vertebra, across post-zygapophyses, Diameters of pr
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