. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PACHYDERMATA. 859 degree of developement of the snout of the Pig and the semi-proboscidean nose of the Tapir. The following genera of Pachydermatous Quadrupeds have been distinguished by natu- ralists, many of which are still in existence, but the majority are met with only in a fossil state, the names of the latter being printed in italics. Fig. 465. Hippopotamus Toxodon Coryphodon Acerotherium Elasmotherium Macrauchenia Hexuprotodon A n thracotli erium Chceropotamus Hyracotherium Dichobune. Elephas, (fig. 464'J Mastodo
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PACHYDERMATA. 859 degree of developement of the snout of the Pig and the semi-proboscidean nose of the Tapir. The following genera of Pachydermatous Quadrupeds have been distinguished by natu- ralists, many of which are still in existence, but the majority are met with only in a fossil state, the names of the latter being printed in italics. Fig. 465. Hippopotamus Toxodon Coryphodon Acerotherium Elasmotherium Macrauchenia Hexuprotodon A n thracotli erium Chceropotamus Hyracotherium Dichobune. Elephas, (fig. 464'J Mastodon Dinotherium Tapirus Pul&otherium Lophiodon Hyrax Rhinoceros Anoplotlierium Dicotyles Phacochaerus Sus Osseous system.—The skeleton of the Pachy- dermata is generally remarkable for the massive character which is conspicuous in every region, indicative, at a glance, of the ponderous strength and generally inactive habits of the animals belonging to this order; but inasmuch as they are destined to obtain their food under very various circumstances, which demand a cor- responding diversity of structure in different parts of their bony framework, some detail will be necessary in adverting to this part of their economy. Cranium.—The cranium of the Elephant, the only living genus of Proboscidian Pachyderms, is quite unique in its external configuration, and from its vertical elevation confers a re- markable aspect of sagacity to the animal; its intelligence, however, although really surpri- sing when contrasted with the stupidity of other genera belonging to this class of quadru- peds, has doubtless been much exaggerated in consequence of its imposing appearance. This peculiar contour of the skull depends upon several circumstances having nothing whatever to do with cerebral developement, but being entirely dependent upon mechanical arrange- ments required to support the enormous tusks that project from the upper jaw, and to give origin to the muscles of the proboscis, a n
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