. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COMPUTATION IN CEPHALOPOD LEARNING SYSTEM vert B 207 Figure 12. Sagittal section of the brain of Sepia. Note that there is no median interior frontal or subfrontal. The superior frontal has a matrix structure like that of Octopus. The vertical lobe has a rather different structure. Cajal silver stain, , anterior basal; h. med., median basal; fr. ].. interior frontal; fr. s., superior frontal; prec., precommissural; subv., subvertical; vertical. (Fig. 12). In an early experiment it was shown that inter- ruption of the
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COMPUTATION IN CEPHALOPOD LEARNING SYSTEM vert B 207 Figure 12. Sagittal section of the brain of Sepia. Note that there is no median interior frontal or subfrontal. The superior frontal has a matrix structure like that of Octopus. The vertical lobe has a rather different structure. Cajal silver stain, , anterior basal; h. med., median basal; fr. ].. interior frontal; fr. s., superior frontal; prec., precommissural; subv., subvertical; vertical. (Fig. 12). In an early experiment it was shown that inter- ruption of the vertical lobe circuit damages the visual memory system of Sepia (Young, 1938; Sanders and Young. 1940). This was the first suggestion that the cir- culation of impulses around a circuit provides a basis for memory (Fig. 13). There has been little further progress because the experiments are more difficult than in octo- pods. In decapods, the inferior frontal system is much simpler than in octopods: there is no median inferior frontal or subfrontal lobe. These animals detect the prey visually and often seize by ejection of the tentacles. It seems likely that they have, at best, only a small capacity for learned tactile discrimination; the operations of ma- nipulating and eating the prey are complex, but are prob- ably largely reflex. Nevertheless, there must be a mecha- nism for release of any object that gives pain when it is held. Probably all reflex systems have some method of inhibition, especially if they involve muscles acting recip- rocally, such as flexors and extensors in mammals, where the inhibition is produced by Golgi type II cells in the spinal cord. In cephalopods, reciprocal inhibition is prob- ably produced by the smaller amacrine neurons that are common among the larger motorneurons of the superior buccal and suboesophageal centers (Fig. 14). These mi-. Figure 13. An early suggestion of re-excitation as the basis of memory. Diagram of Scpiu to show how circula
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