. The honey-makers. Bees. 24 The Honey-Makers These hinges are at X, X, the point A ^ of Fig. II. being joined to X, X, by the stiff, horny arms A^, X, on either side. Certain muscles which are attached to the head as well as to the proboscis by contraction depress the arms, as seen at ^ ^, X, in Fig. III., and lower the point ^ ^ to ^ ^, opening the hinges at X, X, and thus lowering the inner sheath. This now projects below the outer, and the pro- boscis has been extended to its maximum length below the jaws. The final act is to lengthen the tongue to its utmost by withdrawing it as far as po
. The honey-makers. Bees. 24 The Honey-Makers These hinges are at X, X, the point A ^ of Fig. II. being joined to X, X, by the stiff, horny arms A^, X, on either side. Certain muscles which are attached to the head as well as to the proboscis by contraction depress the arms, as seen at ^ ^, X, in Fig. III., and lower the point ^ ^ to ^ ^, opening the hinges at X, X, and thus lowering the inner sheath. This now projects below the outer, and the pro- boscis has been extended to its maximum length below the jaws. The final act is to lengthen the tongue to its utmost by withdrawing it as far as possible from the mentum Mf. Thus, by means of springs or hinges or levers, as one may choose to think of them, the proboscis can be quickly lengthened and shortened. A profile view of the tongue and its motor mechanism is interesting and makes the manner of lengthening the organ clearer. The proboscis is slightly lowered, otherwise A would be applied closely to the line of the head, the whole apparatus would be tightly closed, and its mechanism concealed. Corresponding to the arm ZA on either side is a lower parallel arm VK, which is visible only in the profile. This arm, like that at ZA, is tough and horny, though very slen- der, and it is evident that the parallelogram ZAKV, being jointed at each angle, can, by swinging on these joints, depress or elevate the side AK and with it the attached inner sheath and tongue. But this parallelogram is divided in two at points X, S, and is also movable at these points, and the parallelogram ZXS V can change its relative position without changing that of the parallelogram XAKS as seen in Fig. V. Thus, the whole proboscis is lowered the distance from. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Morley, Margaret Warner, 1858-1923. Chicago, A. C. McClurg and company
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublisherch, booksubjectbees
