School dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities . tum (from apircO^co) seemsto have been the name of a ball, which wasthrown among the players, each of whomendeavoured to catch it. PILANI. [ExERCiTus, p. 167.] PILENTUM, a splendid four-wheeledcarriage, furnished with soft cushions, whichconveyed the Roman matrons in sacred pro-cessions and in going to the Circensian andother games. The pilentum was probablyvery like the Hakmamaxa and Carpen-TUM, but open at the sides, so thatthose who sat in it might both see and beseen, PILEUS or FILEUM (mXos, irl\rifjLa,ttiXwrdv), any piece of felt; more es
School dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities . tum (from apircO^co) seemsto have been the name of a ball, which wasthrown among the players, each of whomendeavoured to catch it. PILANI. [ExERCiTus, p. 167.] PILENTUM, a splendid four-wheeledcarriage, furnished with soft cushions, whichconveyed the Roman matrons in sacred pro-cessions and in going to the Circensian andother games. The pilentum was probablyvery like the Hakmamaxa and Carpen-TUM, but open at the sides, so thatthose who sat in it might both see and beseen, PILEUS or FILEUM (mXos, irl\rifjLa,ttiXwrdv), any piece of felt; more especially. PILEUS. a skull-cap of felt, a hat. There seems noreason to doubt that felting is a more ancientinvention than weaving [Tela], nor thatboth of these arts came into Europe fromAsia. From the Greeks, who were ac-quainted with this article as early as the ageof Homer, the use of felt passed togetherwith its name to the Romans. Its principaluse was to make coverings of the head forthe male sex, and the most common one wasa simple PILEUS, SKnLL-CAP, WDBN BY ULTSSBS. Among the Romans the cap of felt wasthe emblem of liberty. When a slave ob-tained his freedom he had his head shaven,and wore instead of his hair an undyedpileus. This change of attire took placein the temple of Feronia, who was thegoddess of freedmen. The figure of Li-berty on some of the coins of AntoninusPius, struck a. d. 145, holds this cap in theright hand. PISTOR. Tlie Petasus (ireraaos) differed from thepileus or simple skull-cap in having a widebrim : the etymology of the word, fromTTeTduvv/ii, expresses the distinctive shape ofthese hats. It was preferred to the skull-cap as a protection from the sun. PLAUSTRUM. 287
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