. Scottish geographical magazine. e answer is easy :—The physio-graphy as a whole is most decidedly one of depression. But such an admission does not, ofcourse, invalidate evidence of either later or earlier elevations of the same region, but ofsmaller annditude. For years we have been gathering evidence to determine whether certain coasts have beenelevated or depressed, and have found satisfactory evidence of many movements of bothkinds in the same region. We are mucli in need of criteria for determining the chronologicalorder of such events. In connection with the ])resent pajjer one should
. Scottish geographical magazine. e answer is easy :—The physio-graphy as a whole is most decidedly one of depression. But such an admission does not, ofcourse, invalidate evidence of either later or earlier elevations of the same region, but ofsmaller annditude. For years we have been gathering evidence to determine whether certain coasts have beenelevated or depressed, and have found satisfactory evidence of many movements of bothkinds in the same region. We are mucli in need of criteria for determining the chronologicalorder of such events. In connection with the ])resent pajjer one should read Darwins Geological Obnervations,2nd ed., London, 1876, chap. ix. pp. 232-282; Sinken die Andcn, by Herr W. Reiss, Ver-hand. der Gesell. f. Erdkunde, Berlin, 1880, No. 1 ; and Travels in Peru, by J. .J. vonTschudi, London, 1847, pp. 41-47. The accompanying map is inserted for the use of those unaciiuainted witli the locadetails mentioned by the author. J. C. Bkannku. Stanfoud Univkusity, Calikohnia, ,October 10, MAP OK COAST. SENOK GoKMAZs ARTICUK 16 SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE. the accumulation of these deposits, and their appearance at such remark-able altitudes, induced us to doubt the theory of the gradual elevation ofthe coast. In the archipelagoes that border the southern coast of Chile theproofs of local depression are very abundant, and many of them areso characteristic that they lead one to suspect that the present relief ofthose archipelagoes may well be due to depressions along the westerncoast of South America. In the course of these brief notes, we shall make no mention of thosesurface changes which the coasts undergo through the influence of rains,winds, tides, and storm waves. Such changes are going on all the timebefore our eyes, and are so rapid in some instances that they alter coast-lines very considerably in a few years. We shall also have but littleto say of the geology, because the fossils that have been found
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