. Recent research on foliage diseases : conference proceedings : Carlisle, Pennsylvania, May 29-June 2, 1989. Leaves Diseases and pests United States Congresses. Figure L—Needle collected on October 28, 1989, with a green tip and a red-brown base exhibiting fruiting bodies of Tiarosporella parca. During November and December most of the needles were shed (5). After needle cast, many thin twigs, devoid of needles, could be observed, giving the tree the "lametta" aspect. Since 1984 we have inspected many branches with red-brown needles. Very often these needles have been densely covere
. Recent research on foliage diseases : conference proceedings : Carlisle, Pennsylvania, May 29-June 2, 1989. Leaves Diseases and pests United States Congresses. Figure L—Needle collected on October 28, 1989, with a green tip and a red-brown base exhibiting fruiting bodies of Tiarosporella parca. During November and December most of the needles were shed (5). After needle cast, many thin twigs, devoid of needles, could be observed, giving the tree the "lametta" aspect. Since 1984 we have inspected many branches with red-brown needles. Very often these needles have been densely covered with fruiting bodies of T. parca or the fruiting bodies have developed abundandy in a. humid chamber after 3 to 5 days. Besides T. parca, Lophodermiwn piceae, R. kalkhoffii Bubak, and very rarely R. oudemansii Maubl., also were found. Rhizosphaera sp. occurred mainly on very old needles (>6 years) or occasionally on red first-year needles probably weakened by winter frost. Lophodermiwn piceae was associated with 3- to to 4-year-old needles. Usually the red brown needles were mixed with still green needles on the same shoot. Distribution of Tiarosporella parca and Lophoder- mium piceae in Switzerland. — Branches and needles from 99 sites were inspected. Tiarosporella parca was found at 35 sites, at 27 sites (fig. 2), and both fungi at 19 sites. Rhizosphaera sp. was found at 42 sites (not shown). Of litter samples from 126 sites, 33 contained T. parca, 123 L. piceae (fig. 3), and 31 both fungi. Rhizosphaera sp. was present at 45 sites (not shown). Figures 2 and 3 show that T. parca and L. piceae are distributed in all regions of Switzerland. Both fungi were found even south of the Alps. Table 1 shows the occurrence of the fungi at different elevations above sea level. The highest site with T. parca was 1859 m, with L. piceae and Rhizosphaera sp. 2130 Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced fo
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