Knight's American mechanical dictionary : a description of tools, instruments, machines, processes and engineering, history of inventions, general technological vocabulary ; and digest of mechanical appliances in science and the arts . ect as the author ofthe science of geogia]iliy, and the name thereof. Theextent of each zone he determined by the length ofthe solstitial day, and called them climates. The map of the woild by Hipparchiis (150B. c.) is founded on the discoveries of Eratosthenes,and is the first recorded attempt to assign geographical]iositioiis by longitudes and latitudes, obtai
Knight's American mechanical dictionary : a description of tools, instruments, machines, processes and engineering, history of inventions, general technological vocabulary ; and digest of mechanical appliances in science and the arts . ect as the author ofthe science of geogia]iliy, and the name thereof. Theextent of each zone he determined by the length ofthe solstitial day, and called them climates. The map of the woild by Hipparchiis (150B. c.) is founded on the discoveries of Eratosthenes,and is the first recorded attempt to assign geographical]iositioiis by longitudes and latitudes, obtained, theformer from lunar eclipses, and the latter fromlengths of the shadow measured by tlie gnomon. in Strahos time, about the Christian era, it wascustomary to draw a meridian and parallel for eachimportant phu^e whose position was considered asdetermined. Ptolemy, about A. D. 150, simplifiedthe method, and jirobably introduced the regularplan of dividing the area by lines !> or 10 apart, asthe case might be. See cut, also Ptoloimei Geo-graphic, Roma, 1508. Congressional Library, The maps of Eratosthenes and Ptolemy show amarked advance in geographical knowledge, especial-ly in the bounds of Asia and Libya, the latter re-. Plate XXIX. PROGRESS OF MAPPING FROM 900 B. C. TO A. D. 1520.(2400 rears.) See page 13Sti. MAP. 1387 MAP. ceiving in the maj) of Ptolemy its new name ofAfrica. The old belief in ,i eircumseribing seais evident in the upjier map, where Libya is appar-ently extended merely to balanee tlie newly of Asia, the insular eharaeter t<nvards thesouth being assumed, as in the earlier maps. In themap of Democritus, the Mesopotamian rivers flowinto the ocean and mark the e.\tent of geographicknowledge, in an eastern direction, of the Mediter-ranean nations. In tlie next map these rivers de-lionch into the Persian Gulf; and India with its mar-ginal rivers, the Imlus and the Ganges, forms ane;i,stern extension. Taprobane (Ceylon) is also shown.
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