. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. Fig. 250.—The Small Cloister of the Chartreuse at Pavia, with the cupola of the church in thebackground (close of the Fourteenth Century). Germany indicates the exact condition, the resources, the manners, and thehabits of the religious houses. The illustrious pontiff, when visiting thesehouses, made them splendid presents, promised them important privileges,and instituted minute inquiries into the studies pursued within their walls. THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS. 323 At the Abbey of Gorze, in 1149, he even went so f
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. Fig. 250.—The Small Cloister of the Chartreuse at Pavia, with the cupola of the church in thebackground (close of the Fourteenth Century). Germany indicates the exact condition, the resources, the manners, and thehabits of the religious houses. The illustrious pontiff, when visiting thesehouses, made them splendid presents, promised them important privileges,and instituted minute inquiries into the studies pursued within their walls. THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS. 323 At the Abbey of Gorze, in 1149, he even went so far as to note with his ownhand the nocturn responses in the Office de Saint-Gorgon. At about the same period, William, Abbot of St. Benigne de Dijon,re-established in several dioceses the monastic rules and studies ; Sigebert, amonk in the monastery of Gemblours, came to Metz to teach the HolyScriptures, philosophy, and the dead languages; St. William of Hirsangereformed the cloister discipline in Germany ; St. Robert, Abbot of Moleme,. Fig. 251.—Saint-Jean des Vignes, an Abbey of Kegular Canons at Soissons (1076), the entrance-gate guarded by a barbican and bastilles.—From an Engraving in vol. i. of ArchitectureMonastique, by M. Albert Lenoir. founded the Cistercian order; St. Gualbert, the order of Vallombrosa, in theApennines ; St. Bruno, the Carthusian order, which lie established both inthe neighbourhood of Grenoble and in Calabria. It is impossible to depict the profound disorder which reigned in thereligious houses during the eleventh century, owing to the social disturbancewhich had followed the terrors of the year 1000. There were but a few soli-tary monasteries, remote from the troubles and vanities of the world, whichstill adhered to the rules (Fig. 251), and the monastic schools were nearly 324 THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS. everywhere closed, and the notes of song had ceased to be heard in thechurches, when, in the year 1095, the inspired voice of a monk, Peter theHer
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