American journal of insanity . lation for old age. Hemight even enjoy the singular happiness of Masinissa,who lived beyond ninety, and in his declining yearswas constantly fortunate— decursu cetatis constanterfelix / nonagemhum annum sup>eravit, et filiuni genuitpost octogesimum quintum! ? • ? THE PULSE OF THE INSANE. BY EDWAED E. HUN, M. D., SPECIAL PATHOLOGIST OF THENEW YOEK STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM, AT UTICA. Before examining the results of investigations madeupon the pulse of the insane, it might be well to con-sider the physiological pulse as traced by the sphyg-mograph, and also to determ
American journal of insanity . lation for old age. Hemight even enjoy the singular happiness of Masinissa,who lived beyond ninety, and in his declining yearswas constantly fortunate— decursu cetatis constanterfelix / nonagemhum annum sup>eravit, et filiuni genuitpost octogesimum quintum! ? • ? THE PULSE OF THE INSANE. BY EDWAED E. HUN, M. D., SPECIAL PATHOLOGIST OF THENEW YOEK STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM, AT UTICA. Before examining the results of investigations madeupon the pulse of the insane, it might be well to con-sider the physiological pulse as traced by the sphyg-mograph, and also to determine some of the changeswhich it undergoes in consequence of morbid conditionsnot attended by psychical phenomena. The normal pulse trace as obtained by the sphygmo-graph of Marey, consists of an upright or vertical lineterminating in a moderately sharp point, and followedby a gradual line of descent, which latter line is broken 1870.] The Pulse of the Insane. 325 into waves or undulations at two points. Such a trace is. Fig. 1. Normal pulse. Tricrotic. represented in figure 1, and in consequence of its havingthree apices it is termed tricrotic. If we discard the various forms of cardiac disease asforeign to this paper, we may state that the most fre-quent and interesting of the many metamorphoses whichthe pulse undergoes, are these which accompany febrileaction, and one of the most important of these is an in-creased rapidity. As the temperature of the body rises,the pulse becomes more frequent, and at the same timeassumes a different form. In order to explain this change we will find it con-venient to give a name to the various portions of thetrace, and therefore we call the apex formed by theupper extremity of the line of ascent, in the normal type,and the commencement of the line of descent, the greator primary wave and the two undulations which in-terrupt the line of descent, the first and second secondarywaves respectively. Now as the pulse becomes more frequent we fin
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