. Principles of railroad transportation . e achievements inthe increase of speed of locomotives have been less wonder-ful, but the schedule speed of 60 to 65 miles an hour forpassenger trains, now regularly maintained on many Ameri* 60 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION can and European roads, is double the maximum rate pos-sible a half century ago, and the discomforts and risks ofthe present are incomparably less than those formerly in-cident to travel. CHAPTER V THE MECHANISM OF THE RAILROAD (Concluded)— THECAR, TERMINAL AND OPERATION Early passenger cars, 62. Sleeping cars, 63. Steel passenger cars,63
. Principles of railroad transportation . e achievements inthe increase of speed of locomotives have been less wonder-ful, but the schedule speed of 60 to 65 miles an hour forpassenger trains, now regularly maintained on many Ameri* 60 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION can and European roads, is double the maximum rate pos-sible a half century ago, and the discomforts and risks ofthe present are incomparably less than those formerly in-cident to travel. CHAPTER V THE MECHANISM OF THE RAILROAD (Concluded)— THECAR, TERMINAL AND OPERATION Early passenger cars, 62. Sleeping cars, 63. Steel passenger cars,63. The air brake, 65. Freight cars, 66. Terminal facilities,68. The passenger terminal, 69. The freight terminal, 72. Elec-tric telegraph, 76. Railroad signaling, 77. Electrification ofsteam railroads, 78. References, 82. The improvements in travel and traffic have resultedquite as much from the progressive adaptation of thevehicle to the service to be performed as from bettermentsin the roadbed and the locomotive. The passenger coaches. Passenger Coach, Used on the Portage Railroad over theAlleghany Mountains, Pennsylvania first used were similar to the stagecoaches, and this wasso because carriage builders in making vehicles for therailroad followed the designs with which they were fa-miliar. Indeed, in Europe the passenger coaches in usetoday, with their small compartments entered from the side,indicate that the stagecoach influenced the style of con-struction. Coaches of the European type were used ona few of the early American roads. 61 62 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION The construction of coaches for American railroads, dif-fering totally in design from those used on highways, beganwith the opening of the first lines. The first railroadcoaches were not unlike the four-wheeled caboose of todayin appearance, but after 1830 longer vehicles mounted ontwo four-wheeled trucks began to be used, and the typicalAmerican coach soon came to differ from the European inbeing longer,
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