. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . employed, and the despatchingsof some firms that were dignified by the name oflines, in the prosperity of one year, were not worthyof mention in the depression of the next. In1891I the depression in Argentine Republic dueto the Baring failure had disorganized the NewYork shipping trade. Before that Messrs. Norton& Sons, of New York, and other firms had beensending from New York four to twelve steamersa year. They kept their services alive and for adecade have been running lines of
. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . employed, and the despatchingsof some firms that were dignified by the name oflines, in the prosperity of one year, were not worthyof mention in the depression of the next. In1891I the depression in Argentine Republic dueto the Baring failure had disorganized the NewYork shipping trade. Before that Messrs. Norton& Sons, of New York, and other firms had beensending from New York four to twelve steamersa year. They kept their services alive and for adecade have been running lines of slow charteredfreight steamers. They have of late greatlyimproved. The question of just what constitutes line trafficis not always easy to decide. In 1891 two NewYork firms were receiving about twenty-fivesteamers a year chiefly loaded with China andJapan tea. These same vessels went out to anyport of the world to which their owners could beso fortunate as to charter them. At the sametime Edward Perry & Co. were despatching aboutone steamer a month to east Asia. They had Scribners Magazine, x., Line Traffic Developments 147 the habit of sending it when they got enoughfreight, and, while the firm were freight-carriers,they could scarcely be called the operators of aline, for a line has a schedule. The RailroadGazette credits the first line to east Asia to theyear 1899. The connections between the United Statesand Australia are typical of the developmentabove described. In 1853 ^wo New York firms,that had been despatching vessels for themselvesand such others as desired to participate, agreedto take turns in sending out their sailing 1878 a Boston firm began to send out sailingvessels regularly and in 1884 it began to alternatewith the two New York firms. In 1890 a fourthcompany was added to the list of 1898 an English firm put on a line of steamersfrom New York outward, and the four Americanfirms which had been sending sailing vessels onlynow uni
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