Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 260.—Renal tumor—ureteral displacement. near the vertebrae, while the upper ureter is displaced medi-ally so as to lie over them. Sources of Error.—Many difficulties may arise to pre-vent obtaining a successful pyelogram in the case of possible sources of error in making the pyelogram areas follows: (1) Errors resulting from faulty pyelographictechnic; (2) obstruction to the ureteral catheter from vari- 272 PYELOGRAPHY ous abnormalities in the course of the ureter, ext
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 260.—Renal tumor—ureteral displacement. near the vertebrae, while the upper ureter is displaced medi-ally so as to lie over them. Sources of Error.—Many difficulties may arise to pre-vent obtaining a successful pyelogram in the case of possible sources of error in making the pyelogram areas follows: (1) Errors resulting from faulty pyelographictechnic; (2) obstruction to the ureteral catheter from vari- 272 PYELOGRAPHY ous abnormalities in the course of the ureter, extrarenalpressure upon the ureter, or ureteric metastasis; (3) theinability sufficiently to distend the pelvis of the kidney andureter because of immediate return of fluid; (4) dilution ofthe injected fluid by means of retained fluid in the pelvis; (5) obscuring of the pelvic outline by overlying tumor tissue; (6) error in Fig. 261.—Pelvic deformity simulating renal tumor. With marked renal colic at the time of examination thesubsequent contraction of the pelvis might leave an ir-regular outline which might easily be confused with theencroachment of tumor tissue. In Fig. 261 the renal pelvisis represented by an irregular streak in the center of a dimshadow which was interpreted to be the outline of the kid-ney. After carefully injecting 3 of fluid, the patientcomplained of severe renal pain. The pyelogram was madeimmediately after, and the contracted pelvic outline is evi- RENAL TUMOR 273 dently physiologic as the result of pain. At operation, agreatly distended gall-bladder was found to overlie a normalkidney. If a normal pelvis with a long normal calyx is incompletelyfilled, a detached shadow might give the appearance of aretracted calyx. A detached shadow of a retracted calyxincompletely filled might also simulate that caused by a preliminary plate of every tumor should be made
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
